Multimodal representational gestures in the transition to multi-word productions

The aim of this study was to analyze the use of representational gestures from a multimodal point of view in the transition from one-word to multi-word constructions. Twenty-one Spanish-speaking children were observed longitudinally at 18, 21, 24, and 30 months of age. We analyzed the production of deictic, symbolic, and conventional gestures and their coordination with different verbal elements. Moreover, we explored the relationship between gestural multimodal and unimodal productions and independent measures of language development. Results showed that gesture production remains stable in the period studied. Whereas deictic gestures are frequent and mostly multimodal from the beginning, conventional gestures are rare and mainly unimodal. Symbolic gestures are initially unimodal, but between 24 and 30 months of age, this pattern reverses, with more multimodal symbolic gestures than unimodal. In addition, the frequency of multimodal representational gestures at specific ages seems to be positively related to independent measures of vocabulary and morphosyntax development. By contrast, the production of unimodal representational gestures appears negatively related to these measures. Our results suggest that multimodal representational gestures could have a facilitating role in the process of learning to combine meanings for communicative goals.     

Implementing an Ally Development Model to Promote Safer Schools for LGB Youth: A Trans-Disciplinary Approach

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) students experience ongoing bullying, harassment, and lack of safety in school. Specialized instructional support personnel (SISPs), such as school counselors, school social workers, and school psychologists, are in a unique position to advocate for LGB students and to implement an ally development model. The purpose of this article is to describe the current climate for LGB students, to discuss the current barriers facing SISPs in advocating for change, and to provide a model of ally development for use at each level of the K–12 system.     

Developing spatial inequalities in carbon appropriation: A sociological analysis of changing local emissions across the United States

This study examines an overlooked dynamic in sociological research on greenhouse gas emissions: how local areas appropriate the global carbon cycle for use and exchange purposes as they develop. Drawing on theories of place and space, we hypothesize that development differentially drives and spatially decouples use- and exchange-oriented emissions at the local level. To test our hypotheses, we integrate longitudinal, county-level data on residential and industrial emissions from the Vulcan Project with demographic, economic and environmental data from the U.S. Census Bureau and National Land Change Database. Results from spatial regression models with two-way fixed-effects indicate that alongside innovations and efficiencies capable of reducing environmentally harmful effects of development comes a spatial disarticulation between carbon-intensive production and consumption within as well as across societies. Implications for existing theory, methods and policy are discussed.     

发达国家经验对辽宁省高校文化产业发展的启示

论述高校文化产业是社会文化产业的重要组成部分，在发达国家和地区，文化产业已经成为其主要支柱产业之一，在国民经济中占有重要比例，在对外贸易中占有重要地位。美国、英国、日本、韩国等国家在科技促进文化产业发展方面取得了很多值得我们学习的经验。辽宁省高校文化产业的发展要坚持人才战略，注重文化资源的开发和利用，积极打造辽宁文化品牌，同时加强管理，转变观念，使辽宁文化产业逐渐拓宽国内国际市场，在文化竞争中，找到一席之地。     

乡土社会语境下梅山武术的生态发展

中国乡土武术文化的生存形态可分为原生形态、次生形态以及艺术形态。在现代中国,社会变迁主要体现在社会再生产土壤、社会再生产方式、社会再生产功能等方面的变迁,致使中国乡土武术文化的生态传承内容、动力、方式及评判标准发生变化。因此,中国乡土武术文化发展出路在于自身的文化内涵的拓深和增值,以适应民众正在或已经改变的文化需求。     

京津冀协同发展背景下二语学习者语际语用能力提升策略研究

京津冀协同发展是近期华北地区的一个重要特点,这就意味着对科技人才的素质有了新的要求,对科技人才二语语际语用能力的要求也大大提高,而河北省大学生二语学习过程中的语际语用能力相对薄弱,缺乏竞争力;本文通过对在校大学生的语言策略培训,创造真实语言环境,改变传统课堂模式和教学内容,充分发挥学习者的潜力,提高语言应用能力和跨文化交际的能力,因而增强学习者的综合竞争力,以满足新的经济发展情况下对人才素质的要求。     

Temperament,Parenting, and Moral Development: Specificity of Behavior and Context

This longitudinal study highlights the role of specific parenting behaviors in specific contexts when predicting moral development in children of varying temperament types. A sample of mother–child dyads took part in a competing demands task involving differing ‘do’ and ‘don't’ contextual demands when the child was 2 years of age. Child temperament was also assessed at this time, yielding inhibited, exuberant, and low‐reactive temperament groups. Children's moral behavior was assessed at 5.5 years of age. Models examining the interaction of temperament and mother behaviors in each context indicated that mother's reasoning/explanation and ignoring in the ‘do’ context predicted later moral behavior in inhibited children whereas redirection and commands in the ‘don't’ context predicted moral behavior in exuberant children.     

Justice Sensitivity in Childhood and Adolescence

Individuals differ in their sensitivity toward injustice. Justice‐sensitive persons perceive injustice more frequently and show stronger responses to it. Justice sensitivity has been studied predominantly in adults; little is known about its development in childhood and adolescence and its connection to prosocial behavior and emotional and behavioral problems. This study evaluates a version of the justice sensitivity inventory for children and adolescents (JSI‐CA5) in 1472 9‐ to 17‐year olds. Items and scales showed good psychometric properties and correlations with prosocial behavior and conduct problems similar to findings in adults, supporting the reliability and validity of the scale. We found individual differences in justice sensitivity as a function of age and gender. Furthermore, justice sensitivity predicted emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents over a 1‐ to 2‐year period. Justice sensitivity perspectives can therefore be considered as risk and/or protective factors for mental health in childhood and adolescence.     

网络标点符号使用现状探析

网络空间形式开放、 内容博杂, 网络语言中标点符号出现随意减省、 泛化使用、 错位使用、 乱用变体等现象,同时也呈现功能扩展、 超出标准、 空格替代以及与其他标示符号搭配使用的新变化、 新发展. 网络标点符号的现状与网络文化特征有密切关系, 使用者应把握网络标点符号的使用原则和特性.     

金融发展与区域创新的交互影响

基于2008—2017年长三角地区41个地级市的数据，通过构建联立方程模型，考察金融发展与区域创新之间的交互影响，探讨两者的空间溢出效应与地区交互影响。研究发现：金融发展对区域创新的正向促进作用不受时间跨度影响，但区域创新对金融发展的影响存在时间跨度异质性，短期内区域创新对金融发展影响不确定，而长期内区域创新反向促进金融发展，忽略这种反向影响会显著高估金融发展对区域创新的促进作用；区域创新与金融发展均存在正向空间外溢性，临近地区金融发展促进本地区的区域创新，但临近地区区域创新对本地区的金融发展作用并不显著。金融发展与区域创新应当融合联动，互利共生，实现双赢。